Caucasus Barometer 2024 Georgia

Caucasus Barometer is the regular household survey about social-economic issues and political attitudes conducted by CRRC.
Country: Georgia
Fieldwork Dates: April 16, 2024 to May 13, 2024

• Codebook
• Factsheet
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Codebook

SETTYPE: Settlement type

Question text: Settlement type

RESPSEX: Gender of the respondent

Question text: Gender of the respondent

AGEGROUP: Age of the respondent

Question text: Age of the respondent

Note: The variable is generated from AGE variable, present in the original dataset

RATEHAP: How happy would you say you are?

Question text: Overall, how happy would you say you are?

Note: The question was recoded from 10-point scale into 5-point scale

FEELTRU: There are many people I can trust completely

Question text: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether it describes your feelings, more or less describes your feelings, or does not describe your feelings - There are many people I can trust completely

FEELEMP: I experience a general feeling of emptiness

Question text: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether it describes your feelings, more or less describes your feelings, or does not describe your feelings - I experience a general feeling of emptiness

FEELCLS: There are enough people to whom I feel close

Question text: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether it describes your feelings, more or less describes your feelings, or does not describe your feelings - There are enough people to whom I feel close

FEELRLY: There are plenty of people I can rely on when I have problems

Question text: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether it describes your feelings, more or less describes your feelings, or does not describe your feelings - There are plenty of people I can rely on when I have problems

FEELREJ: I often feel rejected

Question text: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether it describes your feelings, more or less describes your feelings, or does not describe your feelings - I often feel rejected

GALLTRU: Most people can be trusted?

Question text: Generally speaking, would you say that most people in Georgia can be trusted, or that you can't be too careful in dealing with people?

Note: The question was recoded from 10-point scale into 5-point scale

LIFESAT: How satisfied are you with your own life as a whole nowadays?

Question text: All things considered, how satisfied are you with your own life as a whole nowadays?

Note: The question was recoded from 10-point scale into 5-point scale

FATEINLF: Perception of fatalism

Question text: Please tell me which comes closest to your view on this CARD, where „1‟ means “Everything in life is determined by fate” and „10‟ means “People shape their fate themselves”.

Note: The question was recoded from 10-point scale into 5-point scale

HLTHRAT: How would you rate your health?

Question text: Overall, how would you rate your health? Would you describe it as …

BUSINUSA: Approval of doing business with American

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with American?

BUSINARM: Approval of doing business with Armenian

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Armenian?

BUSINAZE: Approval of doing business with Azerbaijani

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Azerbaijani?

BUSINITA: Approval of doing business with Italian

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Italian?

BUSINARA: Approval of doing business with Arab

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Arab?

BUSINGEO: Approval of doing business with Georgian

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Georgian?

BUSINIRA: Approval of doing business with Iranian

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Iranian?

BUSINJEW: Approval of doing business with Jew

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Jew?

BUSINKUR: Approval of doing business with Kurd, Yezidi

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Kurd, Yezidi?

BUSINRUS: Approval of doing business with Russian

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Russian?

BUSINTUR: Approval of doing business with Turk

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Turk?

BUSINUKR: Approval of doing business with Ukrainian

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Ukrainian?

BUSININD: Approval of doing business with Indians

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Indians?

BUSINABK: Approval of doing business with Abkhaz

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Abkhaz?

BUSINOSS: Approval of doing business with Ossetian

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Ossetian?

BUSINCN: Approval of doing business with Chinese

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Chinese?

BUSINDE: Approval of doing business with German

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove people like you doing business with German?

MARWUSA: Approval of women marrying American

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying American?

MARWARM: Approval of women marrying Armenian

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Armenian?

MARWAZE: Approval of women marrying Azerbaijani

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Azerbaijani?

MARWITA: Approval of women marrying Italian

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Italian?

MARWARA: Approval of women marrying Arab

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Arab?

MARWGEO: Approval of women marrying Georgian

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Georgian?

MARWIRA: Approval of women marrying Iranian

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Iranian?

MARWJEW: Approval of women marrying Jew

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Jew?

MARWKUR: Approval of women marrying Kurd, Yezidi

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Kurd, Yezidi?

MARWRUS: Approval of women marrying Russian

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Russian?

MARWTUR: Approval of women marrying Turk

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Turk?

MARWUKR: Approval of women marrying Ukrainian

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Ukrainian?

MARWIND: Approval of women marrying Indians

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Indians?

MARWABK: Approval of women marrying Abkhaz

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Abkhaz?

MARWOSS: Approval of women marrying Ossetian

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Ossetian?

MARWCN: Approval of women marrying Chinese

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Chinese?

MARWDE: Approval of women marrying German

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying German?

BUSINGA_1: Approval of doing business with a sexual minority person

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people like you doing business with a sexual minority person?

NEIGHBOR_1: Which of these people would you not wish to have your neighbors most?

Question text: Which of these people would you not wish to have your neighbors most?

Note: Sequence of the answer options was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INFSOU1: First main source of information for receiving news about Georgia's current events?

Question text: What are your main sources of information for receiving news about Georgia's current events? Please tell me, which is your first main source of information.

Note: Answer options 'Radio' and 'Newspapers, news magazines' were grouped to 'Other'.

INFSOU2: Second main source of information for receiving news about Georgia's current events?

Question text: What is your second main source of information about Georgia's current events?

TRUMTVINFO: Which TV station do you trust the most for news on politics and events in Georgia?

Question text: Which TV station, if any, do you trust the most for news on politics and events in Georgia?

Note: Answer options 'Adjara TV', 'Maestro', 'Alt-info', 'Euronews Georgia', 'RTR', 'ORT', 'Obieqtivi' and 'NTV' were grouped to 'Other'.

FRQINTR: Frequency of Internet usage

Question text: Could you please tell me how often do you use the Internet? Do you use the Internet …

INTACEM: Most frequent internet activities - Receive / send emails

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Receive / send emails

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTASKY: Most frequent internet activities - Use it for instant messaging and for calls

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Use it for instant messaging and for calls

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTACFB: Most frequent internet activities - Use Facebook

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Use Facebook

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTACSN: Most frequent internet activities - Use social media platform(s) other than Facebook (e.g. Instagram, Snapchat, VKontakte, Odnoklassniki, etc.)

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Use social media platform(s) other than Facebook (e.g. Instagram, Snapchat, VKontakte, Odnoklassniki, etc.)

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTACFD: Most frequent internet activities - Participate in online trainings/webinars

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Participate in online trainings/webinars

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTACBL: Most frequent internet activities - Write a blog / read other’s blogs (e.g., Blogspot, Wordpress, Livejournal etc.)

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Write a blog / read other’s blogs (e.g., Blogspot, Wordpress, Livejournal etc.)

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTACIN: Most frequent internet activities - Search for information (Google, Wikipedia, etc.)

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Search for information (Google, Wikipedia, etc.)

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTACSH: Most frequent internet activities - Shop

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Shop

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTACNW: Most frequent internet activities - Read, listen to or watch the news, including watching online TV, apart from news on social media platforms

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Read, listen to or watch the news, including watching online TV, apart from news on social media platforms

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTACEN: Most frequent internet activities - Download / Listen to / Watch music/videos/movies

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Download / Listen to / Watch music/videos/movies

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTAGAME: Most frequent internet activities - Play online games, except gambling

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Play online games, except gambling

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTABET: Most frequent internet activities - Gamble, bet

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Gamble, bet

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTACDW: Most frequent internet activities - Visit dating websites/applications

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Visit dating websites/applications

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

INTACOT: Most frequent internet activities - Other

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Other

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet
Sequence of the answer options except 'other' was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

APPFB: Do you use Facebook?

Question text: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: Facebook

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

APPINS: Do you use Instagram?

Question text: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: Instagram

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

APPTW: Do you use X (former Twitter)?

Question text: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: X (former Twitter)

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

APPYOUT: Do you use Youtube?

Question text: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: Youtube

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

APPTIK: Do you use Tiktok?

Question text: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: Tiktok

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

APPVKN: Do you use Vkontakte?

Question text: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: Vkontakte

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

APPODN: Do you use Odnoklassniki?

Question text: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: Odnoklassniki

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

APPTEL: Do you use Telegram?

Question text: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: Telegram

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

APPLKD: Do you use LinkedIn?

Question text: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: LinkedIn

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

APPOTH: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: Other

Question text: Do you use the following social media platforms and applications: Other

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

USSRDISS: Was the dissolution of the Soviet Union a good thing or a bad thing for Georgia?

Question text: In your opinion, was the dissolution of the Soviet Union a good thing or a bad thing for Georgia?

LIFEUSSR: How People live in georgia now, compared to the Soviet Union?

Question text: In your opinion, would you say that people like you in Georgia in general live better, worse, or the same now compared to the Soviet Union?

STLN1: Which of the words best describes your attitude towards Stalin?

Question text: Which of the words from this CARD best describes your attitude towards Stalin?

INTLPOL: Interest in international politics

Question text: How interested would you say you are in international politics – are you ...

NATLPOL: Interest in Georgia's politics

Question text: How interested would you say you are in Georgia's politics – are you …

IMPISS1: Most important issue facing Georgia at the moment

Question text: What do you think is the most important issue facing Georgia at the moment?

Note: Answer options 'Russian immigrants', 'Threat to national traditions', 'Problematic relations with Russia', 'Religious intolerance', 'Violation of property rights', 'Gender inequality', 'Immigration (foreigners (Except Russians) coming to Georgia)' were grouped to 'Other'.

IMPISS2: Second most important issue facing Georgia at the moment

Question text: Tell me the second most important issue facing Georgia at the moment

Note: Answer options 'Russian immigrants', 'Unaffordability of professional or higher education', 'Immigration (foreigners (Except Russians) coming to Georgia)', 'Violation of property rights' and 'Gender inequality' were grouped to 'Other'.

POLDIRN: Direction in which Georgia's domestic politics are going

Question text: There are different opinions regarding the direction in which Georgia's domestic politics are going. Which of the following would you personally agree with?

UNDPOL: Agree/disagree: Have a good understanding of politics

Question text: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - I have a good understanding of the important political issues facing our country

QUALIF: Agree/disagree: Consider myself well qualified to participate in politics

Question text: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - I consider myself well qualified to participate in politics, if I want to do so

PPLNOSAY: Agree/disagree: Have no say in what the government does

Question text: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - People like me don’t have any say in what the government does

VTNODIF: Agree/disagree: No difference in whom I vote

Question text: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - No matter whom I vote it won’t make a difference

OFFPPLTH: Agree/disagree: Public officials don't care what people think

Question text: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - Public officials don't care much what people like me think

POLNOTUND: Agree/disagree: Politics and government seem too complicated to understand

Question text: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a person like me can't really understand what's going on

ACTDEMO: Have you participated in any kind of demonstration, rally or protest?

Question text: During the last 12 months, have you participated in any kind of demonstration, rally or protest?

ACTSPET_1: Have you signed a petition or a demand/request, including an online petition?

Question text: During the last 12 months, have you signed a petition or a demand/request, including an online petition?

ACTTLKGOV: Have you written or talked to a government representative?

Question text: During the last 12 months, have you written or talked to a government representative?

ACTPNGO: Have you participated in any activity organized by an Noncomercial organization/NGO?

Question text: During the last 12 months, have you participated in any activity organized by an Noncomercial organization/NGO?

TRUHLTH: Trust - Healthcare system

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Healthcare system?

TRUBANK: Trust - Banks

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Banks?

TRUEDUC: Trust - Educational system

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Educational system?

TRUARMY: Trust - Army

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Army?

TRUCRTS: Trust - Court system

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Court system?

TRUNGOS: Trust - NGOs

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust NGOs working in Georgia?

TRUPARL: Trust - Parliament

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Parliament?

TRUEXEC: Trust - Executive government

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Executive government (Prime minister and ministers)?

TRUPRES: Trust - President

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's President?

TRUPOLI: Trust - Police

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Police?

TRUPPS: Trust - Political parties

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Political parties?

TRUMEDI: Trust - Media

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Media?

TRULOCG: Trust - Local government

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's Local government?

TRURELI: Trust - Religious institution respondent belongs to

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Georgia's religious institution to which you belong?

TRUOMB: Trust - Ombudsman

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Ombudsman?

TRUSTEU: Trust - European Union

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust European Union?

TRUSTUN: Trust - United Nations

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust United Nations?

TRUNATO: Trust - The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?

TRUCSTO: Trust - Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO)

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO)?

TRUEAEU: Trust - The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

Question text: Please tell me how much do you trust or distrust the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)?

FREESPK: People have the right to openly say what they think

Question text: In Georgia today, do you think or not that people like yourself have the right to openly say what they think?

FAIRTRT: People like yourself are treated fairly by the government

Question text: Under the present government in Georgia, do you completely agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or completely disagree that people like yourself are treated fairly by the government?

GOVTROL: Government should be like a parent VS Government should be like an employee

Question text: Please tell me which of the following statements you agree with? Statement 1: people are like children: the government should take care of them like a parent. Statement 2: government is like an employee: the people should be the bosses who control the government

Note: The question was recoded. Original options are as follows: 1. Government as parent - Agree very strongly 2. Government as parent - Agree 3. Government as employee - Agree 4. Government as employee - Agree very strongly 5. Agree with neither 6. Agree with both. Options 1 and 2 were grouped to Parent, 3 and 4 to Employee.

CRITIC: Criticize everyone VS Unaccaptable to criticize some

Question text: Please tell me which of the following statements you agree with? Statement 1: Everyone should be able to publicly express a critical opinion about any other person. Statement 2: There are people whose merits are so great that it is unacceptable to publicly criticize them.

Note: The question was recoded. Original options are as follows: 1. Everyone can criticize any other person - Agree very strongly 2. Everyone can criticize any other person - Agree 3. There are people whose criticism is unacceptable - Agree 4. There are people whose criticism is unacceptable - Agree very strongly 5. Agree with neither 6. Agree with both. Options 1 and 2 were grouped to 'Criticize everyone', 3 and 4 to 'Unacceptable to criticize some'.

OBJCOUR: Court system favors some citizens VS Treats all equally

Question text: Please tell me which of the following statements do you agree with? Statement 1: The courts in Georgia favor some citizens over others. Statement 2: The courts in Georgia treat all citizens equally, rather than favoring some over others.

Note: The question was recoded. Original options are as follows: 1. Court favours some citizens - Agree very strongly 2. Court favours some citizens - Agree 3. Court treats everyone equally - Agree 4. Court treats everyone equally - Agree very strongly 5. Agree with neither 6. Agree with both. Options 1 and 2 were grouped to 'Favor some citizens', 3 and 4 to 'Treat all equally'.

PROTEST: People should VS People should not participate in protest actions

Question text: Which of the following statements do you agree with? Statement 1: people should participate in protest actions against the government, as this shows the government that the people are in charge. Statement 2: people should not participate in protest actions against the government, as it threatens stability in our country.

Note: The question was recoded. Original options are as follows: 1. Participation in protests - Agree very strongly 2. Participation in protests - Agree 3. Non-participation in protests - Agree 4. Non-participation in protests - Agree very strongly 5. Agree with neither 6. Agree with both. Options 1 and 2 were grouped to 'People should participate' 3 and 4 to 'People should not participate'.

VOTLELE: Did you participate in the last parliamentary elections, which were held on OCTOBER 31st, 2020?

Question text: Did you participate in the last parliamentary elections, which were held on OCTOBER 31st, 2020?

ELCOND2: Would you say that those parliamentary elections, which were held on OCTOBER 31st, 2020, were conducted …

Question text: Would you say that those parliamentary elections, which were held on OCTOBER 31st, 2020, were conducted …

VOTPRCP: If parliamentary elections were held next Sunday, would you participate in the elections or not?

Question text: If parliamentary elections were held next Sunday, would you participate in the elections or not? Would you …

NATOSUPP: To what extent would you support Georgia's membership in NATO?

Question text: Using a scale of 1 to 5, where code ‘1’ means no support and code ‘5’ means your full support, to what extent would you support Georgia's membership in NATO?

EUSUPP: To what extent would you support Georgia's membership in the European Union?

Question text: Using a scale of 1 to 5, where code ‘1’ means no support and code ‘5’ means your full support, to what extent would you support Georgia's membership in the European Union?

EEUSUPNA: To what extent would you support Georgia's membership in the Eurasian Economic Union led by the Russian Federation?

Question text: Using a scale of 1 to 5, where code ‘1’ means no support and code ‘5’ means your full support, to what extent would you support Georgia's membership in the Eurasian Economic Union led by the Russian Federation?

MAINFRN: Which country is currently the main friend of Georgia?

Question text: In your opinion, which country is currently the main friend of Georgia?

Note: Answer option 'Poland' was grouped with 'Other'.

MAINENEM: Which country is currently the main enemy of Georgia?

Question text: In your opinion, which country is currently the main enemy of Georgia?

Note: Answer options 'Germany', 'Ukraine', 'China' and 'France' were grouped with 'Other'.

MAINMOD: Which country is a model for development for Georgia?

Question text: In your opinion, which country is a model for development for Georgia?

Note: Answer option 'Armenia' was grouped with 'Other'.

CNTRDEM: How much of a democracy is Georgia today?

Question text: In your opinion, how much of a democracy is Georgia today? Is it …

ATTDEM: Which of these three statements is closest to your opinion?

Question text: Which of these three statements is closest to your opinion?

CNTPROS: Situation in Georgia will never improve VS Everything will be fine in Georgia

Question text: Which of the following statements do you agree with? Statement 1: Situation in Georgia will never improve. Statement 2: Eventually, everything will be fine in Georgia.

Note: The question was recoded. Original options are as follows: 1. Situation in Georgia will never improve - Agree very strongly 2. Situation in Georgia will never improve - Agree 3. Eventually, everything will be fine in Georgia - Agree 4. Eventually, everything will be fine in Georgia - Agree very strongly 5. Agree with neither 6.Agree with both. Options 1 and 2 were grouped to Situation in Georgia will never improve, 3 and 4 to Eventually, everything will be fine in Georgia.

PARTYSUPP: Which political party is closest to you?

Question text: There are a number of political parties in Georgia. Which political party is closest to you?

Note: Answer options 'People’s Party (Sozar Subari, Dimitri Khundadze, Mikheil Kavelashvili)', 'Free Georgia (Kakha Kukava)', 'Georgian March (Sandro Bregadze)', 'Alliance of Patriots of Georgia (David Tarkhan-Mouravi, Irma Inashvili)', 'Democratic Movement – United Georgia (Nino Burjanadze)', 'Droa (Elene Khoshtaria)', 'For Justice (Eka Beselia)', 'Republican Party of Georgia (Khatuna Samnidze, Davit Berdzenishvili)', 'Tribune Party (David Tchitchinadze)' and 'State for the People (Nika Machutadze)' were grouped to 'Other'.

RMIGWAR: What is your attitude towards the Russian migrants who moved to Georgia since the war in Ukraine started in 2022?

Question text: Overall, what is your attitude towards the Russian migrants who moved to Georgia since the war situation in Ukraine started in 2022?

RESFRWAR_1: Who holds the most responsibility for the war in Ukraine?

Question text: In your opinion, who holds the most responsibility for the war in Ukraine?

CONFRISK: How likely or unlikely is it that Georgia gets involved in any war?

Question text: In your opinion, how likely or unlikely is it that Georgia gets involved in any war?

CONFRISKT: When would that probably happen?

Question text: In your opinion, when would that probably happen?

Note: This question was asked to the respondents who said that it is 'rather likely' or 'very likely' that Georgia gets involved in any war.

PASTCONF: Necessary to forget VS Impossible to forget the past

Question text: Please tell me which of the following statements you agree with? Statement 1: Sometimes it is necessary to forget what happened in the past between peoples. Statement 2: It is impossible to forget what was in the past between peoples?

Note: The question was recoded. Original options are as follows: 1. Sometimes it is necessary to forget what happened in the past between peoples - Agree very strongly 2. Sometimes it is necessary to forget what happened in the past between peoplest - Agree 3. It is impossible to forget what was in the past between peoples - Agree 4. It is impossible to forget what was in the past between peoples - Agree very strongly 5. Agree with neither 6. Agree with both. Options 1 and 2 were grouped to Sometimes it is necessary to forget what happened in the past between peoples, 3 and 4 to It is impossible to forget what was in the past between peoples.

RFEELUNC: Your emotional state - Uncertain

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Uncertain

RFEELEXC: Your emotional state - Excited

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Excited

RFEELAVO: Your emotional state - Avoidant

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Avoidant

RFEELENG: Your emotional state - Engaged

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Engaged

RFEELUNS: Your emotional state - Unsafe

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Unsafe

RFEELIND: Your emotional state - Indifferent

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Indifferent

RFEELALI: Your emotional state - Alienated

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Alienated

RFEELOPT: Your emotional state - Optimistic

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Optimistic

RFEELMIS: Your emotional state - Missing somebody or something

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Missing somebody or something

RFEELANG: Your emotional state - Angry

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Angry

RFEELEXH: Your emotional state - Exhausted

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Exhausted

RFEELHOP: Your emotional state - Hopeful

Question text: I will now list a few feelings, please, indicate whether each rather describes your recent emotional state or rather does not describe - Hopeful

HAVEJOB: Do you have a job?

Question text: Do you have a job?

Note: The variable is generated from EMPLSIT_1 variable, present in the original dataset.

UNEMYRS: Years of unemployment

Question text: From which year have you not had a job?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were unemployed.
The question was changed from open-ended and recoded.

LOOKJOB: Looking for a job during the past 4 weeks?

Question text: Have you actively looked for a job during the past four weeks, or not?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were unemployed (except those who were unemployed and were not looking for a job)

JOBSTART: Able to start working within the next 14 days

Question text: If a suitable job were available, would you be able to start working within the next 14 days?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were unemployed

WORKTYP: Status and type of primary workplace

Question text: Speaking about your primary place of employment only, which of the following best describes your status and the type of workplace?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were employed

WORKSEC_1: Sector of working

Question text: Which of the following best describes the sector in which your primary work is in?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were employed

PERSINC_1: Personal income last month

Question text: Speaking about your personal monetary income last month, after all taxes are paid, to which of the following groups do you belong? Please think of all sources of income that you had last month.

GETJOBF: The most important factor for getting a good job

Question text: Which of the following factors do you consider most important for getting a good job in Georgia?

Note: Sequence of the answer options was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork.

BANKACC: Do you have a bank account or a bank card?

Question text: Do you have a bank account or a bank card?

ETHNIC: Respondent's ethnicity

Question text: There are a number of ethnic groups living in Georgia. Which ethnic group do you consider yourself a part of?

Note: Answer options 'Other Caucasian ethnicity (Abkhazian, Lezgin, Ossetian, etc.)', 'Russian' and 'Kurd or Yezidi' were grouped to 'Other'.

RESPEDU: Highest level of education you have achieved

Question text: What is the highest level of education you have achieved to date?

Note: Options No primary education, Primary education, Incomplete secondary education, Secondary education were grouped to Secondary or lower, Incomplete higher education, Completed higher education and Post-graduate degree were grouped to Higher than secondary

RFAEDUC: Highest level of education your father has achieved

Question text: What is the highest level of education your father has achieved?

Note: Options No primary education, Primary education, Incomplete secondary education, Secondary education were grouped to Secondary or lower, Incomplete higher education, Completed higher education and Post-graduate degree were grouped to Higher than secondary

RMOEDUC: Highest level of education your mother has achieved

Question text: What is the highest level of education your mother has achieved?

Note: Options No primary education, Primary education, Incomplete secondary education, Secondary education were grouped to Secondary or lower, Incomplete higher education, Completed higher education and Post-graduate degree were grouped to Higher than secondary

FLMANDSC: Any foreign language mandatory at schools?

Question text: Which foreign language, if any, do you think should be mandatory in secondary schools of Georgia?

Note: Answer option 'French' was grouped to 'Other foreign language'.

KNOWRUS: Knowledge of Russian

Question text: Please tell me which one of these levels best describes your ability in Russian language

KNOWENG: Knowledge of English

Question text: Please tell me which one of these levels best describes your ability in English language

KNOWOTH: Knowledge of other foreign language

Question text: Please tell me which one of these levels best describes your ability in other foreign language, except English and Russian

COMPABL: Knowledge of computer

Question text: Please tell me which one of these levels best describes your ability in computer (Microsoft Office programs, excluding games)

SECNDLAAP: Second language used in everyday life - Abkhaz

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Abkhaz

SECNDLAHY: Second language used in everyday life - Armenian

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Armenian

SECNDLAAS: Second language used in everyday life - Assyrian

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Assyrian

SECNDLAAZ: Second language used in everyday life - Azerbaijani

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Azerbaijani

SECNDLAAV: Second language used in everyday life - Avar

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Avar

SECNDLANGKA: Second language used in everyday life - Georgian

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Georgian

SECNDLANHE: Second language used in everyday life - Greek

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Greek

SECNDLAEN: Second language used in everyday life - English

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - English

SECNDLAZA: Second language used in everyday life - Kurdish languages

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Kurdish languages (Zazaki, Kurmanji, etc.)

SECNDLAMR: Second language used in everyday life - Mingrelian (and Laz)

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Mingrelian (and Laz)

SECNDLAOSS: Second language used in everyday life - Ossetian

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Ossetian

SECNDLARU: Second language used in everyday life - Russian

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Russian

SECNDLASV: Second language used in everyday life - Svan

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Svan

SECNDLATR: Second language used in everyday life - Turkish

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Turkish

SECNDFRE: Second language used in everyday life - French

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - French

SECNDLAOT: Second language used in everyday life - Other

Question text: What other languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? - Other

RELGNEW: Which religion or denomination do you consider yourself belonging to?

Question text: Which religion or denomination, if any, do you consider yourself belonging to?

Note: Answer options 'Protestant Church (Evangelist, Pentecostalist, Word of life, etc.)', 'Other Christian-leaning Church or group (Jehovah’s Witness, Mormons, etc.)' and 'Roman Catholic Church' were grouped to 'Other'.

RELSERV: Frequency of attendance of religious services

Question text: Apart from special occasions such as weddings and funerals, about how often do you attend religious services nowadays?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who consider themselves as the members of any religious denomination
Answer options 'Every day', 'More than once a week' and 'Once a week' were grouped as 'Once a week or more often'.

RELFAST: Frequency of fasting when required by religious tradition

Question text: How often do you fast when it is required by your religion? Do you…

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who consider themselves as the members of any religious denomination
Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

RELIMP: How important is religion in your daily life?

Question text: How important is religion in your daily life?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who consider themselves as the members of any religious denomination

EMIGRAT: Interested in permanent emigration?

Question text: If you had a chance, would you leave Georgia forever to live somewhere else?

MIGSHRT: Interested in temporary emigration?

Question text: If you had a chance, would you leave Georgia for a certain period of time to live somewhere else?

FAMCLAB: Do you have a family member or close relative currently living abroad?

Question text: Do you have a family member or close relative currently living abroad, outside the borders of Georgia?

ECONSTN: HH economic situation

Question text: Which of the following statements best describes the current economic situation of your household?

OWNCOTV: HH owns - Color television

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Color television

OWNWASH: HH owns - Automatic washing machine

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Automatic washing machine

OWNFRDG: HH owns - Refrigerator

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Refrigerator

OWNAIRC: HH owns - Air conditioner

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Air conditioner

OWNCARS: HH owns - Car

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Car

OWNLNDP: HH owns - Land line phone

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Land line phone

OWNHWT: HH owns - Hot water

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Hot water

OWNCHTG: HH owns - Central heating

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Central heating

OWNMCR: HH owns - Microwave

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Microwave

OWNDISH: HH owns - Dishwasher

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Dishwasher

OWNCOMP: HH owns - Computer, including laptop, tablet computer

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Computer, including laptop, tablet computer

WEBHOMEH: HH has internet access

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Does any of your household members access the Internet from your home computer or laptop?

Note: The question was asked only to the respondents, who own personal computer, including laptop

TVACCESS: HH owns - Cable, satellite, or internet TV

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Does your household have access to cable, satellite, or internet TV?

OWNCELL: HH owns - Cell phone

Question text: Now, I will name several household items and amenities. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household (including yourself) owns - Cell phone

OWNPCELL: Do you personally own a cell phone?

Question text: Do you personally own a cell phone, which is not of any other household members?

NOMONFD: Not enough money to buy food for past 12 months

Question text: Speaking about the past 12 months, how often did it happen that you did not have enough money to buy the food you or your family needed? Please tell me which of the options on this CARD reflect your situation best?

INCSOUCO: Sources of HH income: Money from relatives living in the country

Question text: Many households obtain income from several sources. I will read out several possible sources of income and please, tell me whether your household had monetary income from each of these sources in the last 12 months. Please think about the income of all members of your household - Money from family members, relatives, or friends living elsewhere in this country.

INCSOUAB: Sources of HH income: Money from relatives living abroad

Question text: Many households obtain income from several sources. I will read out several possible sources of income and please, tell me whether your household had monetary income from each of these sources in the last 12 months. Please think about the income of all members of your household - Money from family members, relatives, or friends living in another country.

INCSOUAG: Sources of HH income: Sales of agricultural products

Question text: Many households obtain income from several sources. I will read out several possible sources of income and please, tell me whether your household had monetary income from each of these sources in the last 12 months. Please think about the income of all members of your household - Cash sales from agricultural products.

INCSOUSL: Sources of HH income: Salaries, except sales of agricultural products

Question text: Many households obtain income from several sources. I will read out several possible sources of income and please, tell me whether your household had monetary income from each of these sources in the last 12 months. Please think about the income of all members of your household - Aggregated earned income (salary) of all household members, except sales of agricultural products.

INCSOUGO: Sources of HH income: Pensions and government benefits

Question text: Many households obtain income from several sources. I will read out several possible sources of income and please, tell me whether your household had monetary income from each of these sources in the last 12 months. Please think about the income of all members of your household - Pensions and government benefits.

INCSOURE: Sources of HH income: Rent collected

Question text: Many households obtain income from several sources. I will read out several possible sources of income and please, tell me whether your household had monetary income from each of these sources in the last 12 months. Please think about the income of all members of your household - Income from renting of property, vehicles, or appliances.

INCSOUPR: Sources of HH income: Sold property

Question text: Many households obtain income from several sources. I will read out several possible sources of income and please, tell me whether your household had monetary income from each of these sources in the last 12 months. Please think about the income of all members of your household - Income from sale of property, vehicles, or appliances.

INCSOUIN: Sources of HH income: Interest/Investment returns

Question text: Many households obtain income from several sources. I will read out several possible sources of income and please, tell me whether your household had monetary income from each of these sources in the last 12 months. Please think about the income of all members of your household - Interest or earnings on deposits or securities.

INCSOUOT: Sources of HH income: Other source

Question text: Many households obtain income from several sources. I will read out several possible sources of income and please, tell me whether your household had monetary income from each of these sources in the last 12 months. Please think about the income of all members of your household - Other sources of income.

EMPLHHM: How many people in your household are currently employed?

Question text: How many people (including you) in your household are currently employed? This employment may be part-time or full-time, official, informal, or self-employment, but it brings monetary income.

Note: The question was changed from open-ended and recoded

MONYTOT_1: HH monetary income last month

Question text: Household income is a sum of monetary income of all household members. Speaking about monetary income of all your household members last month after all taxes are paid, to which of the following groups does your household belong?

SAVINGS: Does your household currently have any savings?

Question text: Does your household currently have any savings?

DEBTSHH: Does your household currently have any debts?

Question text: Does your household currently have any debts?

FOODDBT: Frequency of borrowing money for food

Question text: In the past 6 months, how often has your household borrowed any money to buy food? By ‘borrowing', we do not mean a bank loan. However, we do mean, for instance, a credit in a local shop.

CURRUNG: Current perceived economic rung

Question text: Let's imagine there is a 10-step ladder reflecting the economic standing of all households in Georgia today. The first rung of this ladder corresponds to the lowest possible economic position in society, while the 10th rung corresponds to the highest possible position. On which rung of this ladder do you think your household currently stands?

Note: The question was recoded from 10-point scale into 5-point scale

FUTRUNG: Perceived economic rung in 5 years

Question text: On which rung of this ladder do you think your household will be standing 5 years from now?

Note: The question was recoded from 10-point scale into 5-point scale

RELCOND: Perceived relative economic condition

Question text: Relative to most of the households around you, would you describe the current economic condition of your household as …

HELPC: Help from other household member(s) while answering the questions about HH's economic situation

Question text: Did the respondent get help from other household member(s) while answering the questions of the section 'HH's economic situation'?

LISTENO_1: Did anybody else listen the interview?

Question text: Was anybody but you and the respondent him/herself able to listen to the respondent’s answers during the interview?

LISTENENG: Interaction between the respondent and the extra listener

Question text: What was the nature of the interaction between the respondent and the extra listener?

Note: The question was asked to those who said that someone listened the interview

FRQDIST_1: Frequency of respondent being distracted

Question text: How often was the respondent distracted during the interview – e.g. had to receive or make a phone call, talk to a household member or a neighbor, etc.?

FRQUNDST_1: How often did you feel that the respondent did not understand the questions?

Question text: How often did you feel that the respondent did not understand the questions you asked?

FRQSHCD_1: How often did you feel the respondent was reluctant to use the Show Cards?

Question text: How often did you feel the respondent was reluctant to use the SHOW CARDS (read them carefully him/herself)?

RESPINL: Respondent's level of intelligence

Question text: On a scale of 1 to 5, how would you rate the respondent's level of intelligence?

RESPSINC_1: Level of sincerity of the respondent

Question text: How would you evaluate sincerity of respondent’s answers?

RESPTIR_1: How tired was respondent in the end of the interview?

Question text: In your opinion, how tired was the respondent in the end of the interview?

ATTEND_1: Number of people present at the interview

Question text: If you think about the most of the length of the interview, how many people were physically present at the interview, besides you and the respondent?

Note: The question was changed from open-ended and recoded.

INTLANG: Interview language

Question text: Interview language

HHSIZE: Total number of people per household

Question text: Total number of people per household

HHASIZE: Total number of adults per household

Question text: Total number of adults per household

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