• The Future of Georgia project aims to understand significant issues in Georgia's recent past, to think about where Georgia is headed. The project is run in partnership with the Carnegie Foundation for International Peace Europe Office and the Levan Mikeladze Foundation. The project was financed by the Government of Sweden.

The Future of Georgia 2020

The Future of Georgia 2020

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Codebook

SETTYPE: Settlement type

Question text: Settlement type

RESPSEX: Respondent's sex

Question text: Respondent's sex

AGEGROUP: Age group

Question text: Age group

Note: The variable is generated from AGE variable, present in the original dataset

IMPIDNTT: Which of the following identities is more important to you?

Question text: Which of the following identities is more important to you?

GEOSPKGEO: Agree/disagree: Georgian citizens should speak Georgian

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Georgian citizens should speak Georgian

PROUDCITZN: Agree/disagree: I am proud to be a Georgian citizen

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: I am proud to be a Georgian citizen

GEOBEORTH: Agree/disagree: Georgian citizens should be Orthodox Christians

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Georgian citizens should be Orthodox Christians

GEOBEGEO: Agree/disagree: Only ethnic Georgians should be allowed to be Georgian citizens

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Only ethnic Georgians should be allowed to be Georgian citizens

MINKNWGEO: Agree/disagree: If an ethnic minority wants to work in the civil service, they should know Georgian

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: If an ethnic minority wants to work in the civil service, they should know Georgian

GEOISEU: Agree/disagree: To be Georgian means to be European

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: To be Georgian means to be European

VOTEOTHRELG: Agree/disagree: I would vote for someone who is a different religion than me

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: I would vote for someone who is a different religion than me

VOTEOTHETHN: Agree/disagree: I would vote for someone of a different ethnicity than me

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: I would vote for someone of a different ethnicity than me

VOTEOTHLANG: Agree/disagree: I would vote for someone who does not speak Georgian

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: I would vote for someone who does not speak Georgian

ETHNTOLL: Agree/disagree: Wars show country needs to be more tolerant of ethnic minorities

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The wars that Georgia has been involved in since independence show that the country and population needs to be more tolerant of ethnic minorities

ETHNTHRT: Agree/disagree: Wars show ethnic and linguistic minorities are potential security threat for Georgia

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The separatist wars that Georgia has been involved in since independence show that the ethnic and linguistic minorities are a potential security threat for Georgia

IMPISSUES: Which type of issues are most important to you?

Question text: Which type of issues are most important to you? Do you care most about…

ETHNLANGSERV: Approve/disapprove: Providing government services in ethnic minority languages as well as Georgian

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of the following policies in predominantly minority communities: Providing government services in ethnic minority languages as well as Georgian

STRNETHNLANG: Approve/disapprove: Having street signs in minority languages

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of the following policies in predominantly minority communities: Having street signs in minority languages

CRTETHNLANG: Approve/disapprove: Court cases between ethnic minorities to be carried out in minority language

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of the following policies in predominantly minority communities: Allowing court cases involving civil disputes between ethnic minorities to be carried out in minority languages

FEMMPS: Is it too few or too many 21 female members of parliament out of 150 members?

Question text: Currently there are 21 female members of parliament out of 150 members. Do you think this is . . .?

FEMMPSIMP: What kind of impact would have on Georgia increasing number of women MPs?

Question text: What kind of impact would increasing the number of women MPs have on Georgia? Would it have …

ETHNMPS: Is it too few or too many 11 ethnic minorities in parliament out of 150 members?

Question text: There are currently 11 ethnic minorities in parliament out of 150 members. Do you think this is…?

ETHNMPSIMP: What kind of impact would have on Georgia increasing number of ethnic minority MPs?

Question text: What kind of impact would increasing the number of ethnic minority MPs have on Georgia? Would it have …

LGBTMPSIMP: What kind of impact would it have if there were more LGBTQ people in parliament?

Question text: What kind of impact would it have if there were more LGBTQ people in parliament? Would it have …

CHRCHSTAT: Do you approve or disapprove of the Georgian Orthodox Church’s special status?

Question text: The Georgian Orthodox Church has a constitutional agreement which gives it a special legal status in Georgia. Do you approve or disapprove of the Georgian Orthodox Church’s special status?

PRSRVAL: Agree/disagree: Georgian Orthodox Church promotes preservation of moral values Georgian society

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The Georgian Orthodox Church promotes the preservation of moral values in Georgian society

CLSTORUS: Agree/disagree: Georgian Orthodox Church benefits Georgia through bringing us closer to Russia

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The Georgian Orthodox Church benefits Georgia through bringing us closer to Russia

FOUNDIDNTT: Agree/disagree: Georgian Orthodox Church is the foundation of our identity

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The Georgian Orthodox Church is the foundation of our identity

IMPFORFAML: Agree/disagree: Georgian Orthodox Church is very important for my family

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The Georgian Orthodox Church is very important for my family

EUINTECON: Agree/disagree: After joining EU Georgia will have a better economy

Question text: Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about potential outcomes of Georgia’s further integration into the European Union - Georgia will have a better economy.

EUINTTRDEM: Agree/disagree: After joining EU Georgia will have more democratic institutions and values

Question text: Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about potential outcomes of Georgia’s further integration into the European Union - Georgia will have more democratic institutions and values.

EUINTTRVL: Agree/disagree: After joining EU Georgians will be able to go to the EU easily

Question text: Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about potential outcomes of Georgia’s further integration into the European Union - Georgians will be able to go to the European Union to study and work more easily

EUINTHR: Agree/disagree: After joining EU Georgia will gain human rights protections

Question text: Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about potential outcomes of Georgia’s further integration into the European Union - Georgia will gain human rights protections

EUINTSAFERUS: Agree/disagree: After joining EU Georgia will be better protected from Russia

Question text: Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about potential outcomes of Georgia’s further integration into the European Union - Georgia will be better protected from Russia

EUINTBETGOV: Agree/disagree: After joining EU Georgia will have more functional government

Question text: Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about potential outcomes of Georgia’s further integration into the European Union - Georgia will have more functional government

EUINTEUPEAN: Agree/disagree: After joining EU Georgia will become more European

Question text: Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about potential outcomes of Georgia’s further integration into the European Union - Georgia will become more European

EUINTCLSRELG: Agree/disagree: After joining EU It will bring Georgia closer together with other Christian nation

Question text: Please tell me how much you agree or disagree with the following statements about potential outcomes of Georgia’s further integration into the European Union - Integration will bring Georgia closer together with other Christian nations

CLSEUBRXT: Helped/hurt Georgia to become closer to EU: The United Kingdom leaving the European Union

Question text: Do you think the following have helped, hurt, or not affected Georgia in becoming closer to the European Union? - The United Kingdom leaving the European Union

CLSEURUPROP: Helped/hurt Georgia to become closer to EU: Russian, anti-western propaganda

Question text: Do you think the following have helped, hurt, or not affected Georgia in becoming closer to the European Union? - Russian, anti-western propaganda

CLSEUAWR: Helped/hurt Georgia to become closer to EU: Anti-western rhetoric from the Georgian Orthodox Church

Question text: Do you think the following have helped, hurt, or not affected Georgia in becoming closer to the European Union? - Anti-western rhetoric from the Georgian Orthodox Church

CLSEUCNFRT: Helped/hurt Georgia to become closer to EU: Geo-Russian confrontation over Abkhazia/S.Ossetia status

Question text: Do you think the following have helped, hurt, or not affected Georgia in becoming closer to the European Union? - Georgian-Russian confrontation over the status of Abkhazia and South Ossetia

EUTHRTTRAD: Agree/disagree: The EU represents a threat to Georgian traditions

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statement: The European Union represents a threat to Georgian traditions

BESTSUP: Who can currently give best support to Georgia – the EU, USA or Russia?

Question text: Who can currently give best support to Georgia – the EU, USA or Russia?

EUSUPP: Do you support Georgia joining the European Union?

Question text: Do you support Georgia joining the European Union?

ABOSVSEU: Which would you choose - Control over Abkhazia and South Ossetia or NATO and EU membership?

Question text: If you had to choose between regaining control over Abkhazia and South Ossetia or membership in NATO and the EU, which would you choose?

APNINENEG: Agree/disagree: April 9, 1989 was a tragedy

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: April 9, 1989 was a tragedy

APNINEPOS: Agree/disagree: April 9,1989 was positive event - it paved way to independence

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: April 9, 1989 was a positive event insofar as it paved the way to independence for Georgia

WARAVDBL: Agree/disagree: The wars in Abkhazia and South Ossetia in the 90s were avoidable

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The wars in Abkhazia and South Ossetia in the 90s were avoidable

OSWARAVD: Agree/disagree: Everything possible was done to avoid the 2008 August War

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Everything possible was done to avoid the 2008 August War.

COLSUPOS: Agree/disagree: Collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 was good thing for Georgia

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 was a good thing for Georgia

ZVIADPATRT: Agree/disagree: Zviad Gamsakhurdia was a true Georgian patriot

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Zviad Gamsakhurdia was a true Georgian patriot

ZVDINDP: Agree/disagree: Without Gamsakhurdia Georgia wouldn't have been able to become independent

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Without Zviad Gamsakhurdia Georgia would not have been able to become independent

ZVDWARSS: Agree/disagree: Gamsakhurdia was responsible for starting war in South Ossetia

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Zviad Gamsakhurdia was responsible for starting the war in South Ossetia

ZVSWARAB: Agree/disagree: Zviad Gamsakhurdia was responsible for starting war in Abkhazia

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Zviad Gamsakhurdia was responsible for starting the war in Abkhazia

OVERZVD: Agree/disagree: The overthrow of Zviad Gamsakhurdia was a bad thing for Georgia

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The overthrow of Zviad Gamsakhurdia was a bad thing for Georgia

SUCCBEFREV: Largest success of the Georgia's government from 1992 to 2003

Question text: In your opinion what was the largest success of the government from 1992 to 2003?

Note: Option Contributing to Georgian-Ossetian reconciliation on the grassroots level was grouped to Other.

FAILBEFREV: Largest failure of the Georgia's government from 1992 to 2003

Question text: In your opinion what was the largest failure of the government from 1992 to 2003?

SUCCAFREV: Largest success of the Georgia's government from 2003 to 2012

Question text: In your opinion what was the largest success of the government from 2003 to 2012?

FAILAFREV: Largest failure of the government from 2003 to 2012?

Question text: In your opinion what was the largest failure of the government from 2003 to 2012?

SUCCNOW: Largest success of the Georgia's government from 2012 to present

Question text: In your opinion what was the largest success of the government from 2012 to present?

Note: Option Reformed election system was grouped to Other.

FAILNOW: Largest failure of the Georgia's government from 2012 to present

Question text: In your opinion what was the largest failure of the government from 2012 to present?

Note: Option Failure to install air defense systems was grouped to Other.

CONSQWAR: The most negative consequence of 2008 war aside from the occupation

Question text: In your opinion, aside from the occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, what was the most negative consequence of the 2008 war?

GEODEM: Agree/disagree: Georgia is the leading democracy in the post-Soviet space

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Georgia is the leading democracy in the post-Soviet space

NTDEVLP: Agree/disagree: Georgia has never developed in right direction since independence

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Georgia has never developed in the right direction since independence

MRFAILS: Agree/disagree: Since independence, Georgian history has more failures than success

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: Since independence, Georgian history has more failures than successes

HRVSSTATE: Agree/disagree: Current government prioritizes human rights over state modernization

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The current government prioritizes human rights over the modernization of the state

PRSVSINST: Agree/disagree: Modern Georgian history is driven by personality rather than institution

Question text: Please tell me whether you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements: The modern history of Georgia is mainly a personality rather than institution driven process

PARTSUPP: Which party is closest to you?

Question text: Which party is closest to you?

Note: Options Democratic Movement – United Georgia (Nino Burjanadze), Citizens (Aleko Elisashvili), New Rights (Mamuka Katsitadze), Republican Party (Khatuna Samnidze, Tamar Kordzaia), Georgian Conservative Party (Zviad Dzidziguri), For Justice (Eka Beselia) were grouped to Other.

ETHNIC: Respondent's ethnicity

Question text: There are a number of ethnic groups living in Georgia. Which ethnic group do you consider yourself a part of?

Note: Options Russian and Abkhaz were grouped to Other.

LANGAP: Languages used in everyday life - Abkhaz

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Abkhaz

LANGHY: Languages used in everyday life - Armenian

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Armenian

LANGAS: Languages used in everyday life - Assyrian

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Assyrian

LANGAZ: Languages used in everyday life - Azerbaijani

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Azerbaijani

LANGAV: Languages used in everyday life - Avar

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Avar

LANKGKIST: Languages used in everyday life - Kist/Chechen

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Kist/Chechen

LANGKA: Languages used in everyday life - Georgian

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Georgian

LANGHE: Languages used in everyday life - Greek

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Greek

LANGEN: Languages used in everyday life - English

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? English

LANGZA: Languages used in everyday life - Kurdish languages (Zazaki, Kurmanji, etc.)

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Kurdish languages (Zazaki, Kurmanji, etc.)

LANGMR: Languages used in everyday life - Mingrelian (and Laz)

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Mingrelian (and Laz)

LANGOS: Languages used in everyday life - Ossetian

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Ossetian

LANDRU: Languages used in everyday life - Russian

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Russian

LANGSV: Languages used in everyday life - Svan

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Svan

LANGTR: Languages used in everyday life - Turkish

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Turkish

LANGOT: Languages used in everyday life - Other

Question text: What languages other than /interview language/ do you use in your everyday life, such as to talk with your family members, friends and neighbors, or to do business? Other

RELGION: Which religious group do you consider yourself a part of?

Question text: There are a number of religious groups living in Georgia. Which religious group do you consider yourself a part of?

RELSERV: Frequency of attendance of religious services

Question text: Apart from special occasions such as weddings and funerals, about how often do you attend religious services?

FRQINTR: How often do you use the internet?

Question text: How often do you use the internet? You use the internet...

EMPLSIT: Primary activity

Question text: Which of the following best describes your situation? Please think about the activity or situation which is primary for you.

RESPEDU: What is the highest level of education you have achieved to date?

Question text: What is the highest level of education you have achieved to date?

Note: Options Complete secondary education were grouped to Secondary or lower, Incomplete higher education, Completed higher education were grouped to Higher than secondary

OWNFRDG: HH owns - Refrigerator

Question text: Now, I will read you a series of household items. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns ? - Refrigerator

OWNCOTV: HH owns - Color television

Question text: Now, I will read you a series of household items. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns ? - Color TV

OWNCELL: HH owns - Smartphone

Question text: Now, I will read you a series of household items. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns ? - Smartphone (a phone with color display and with internet connection)

OWNTBLT: HH owns - Tablet

Question text: Now, I will read you a series of household items. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns ? - Tablet computer (e.g. iPad, Galaxy Tab, Lenovo etc.)

OWNCARS: HH owns - Car

Question text: Now, I will read you a series of household items. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns ? - Car

OWNAIRC: HH owns - Air conditioner

Question text: Now, I will read you a series of household items. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns ? - Air conditioner

OWNWASH: HH owns - Automatic washing machine

Question text: Now, I will read you a series of household items. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns ? - Automatic washing machine

OWNCOMP: HH owns - Personal computer

Question text: Now, I will read you a series of household items. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns ? - Personal computer, including laptop

OWNHWT: HH owns - Hot water

Question text: Now, I will read you a series of household items. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns ? - Hot water

OWNCHTG: HH owns - Central heating

Question text: Now, I will read you a series of household items. Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns ? - Central heating

CONFLMV: Since 1989 were you/HH members forced to leave home due conflicts in Georgia?

Question text: Since 1989 were you/HH members forced to leave home due conflicts in Georgia?

INTLANG: Interview language

Question text: Interview language

HHSIZE: Total number of people per household

Question text: Total number of people per household

Note: The question was changed from open-ended and recoded. Frequencies are calculated without Not applicable option

HHASIZE: Total number of adults per household

Question text: Total number of adults per household

Note: The question was changed from open-ended and recoded. Frequencies are calculated without Not applicable option

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