Caucasus Barometer time-series dataset Georgia

Caucasus Barometer time-series dataset Georgia

• Codebook
• Factsheet

Codebook

RESPSEX: Respondent's gender

Question text: Respondent's gender

AGEGROUP: Age groups

Question text: Age groups

Note: The variable is generated from AGE variable present in the original dataset.

SETTYPE: Settlement type

Question text: Settlement type

RESPEDU: Respondent's education

Question text: Respondent's education

Note: The question was recoded. Options No primary education, Primary education, Incomplete secondary education, Secondary education were grouped to Secondary or lower, Incomplete higher education, Completed higher education and Post-graduate degree were grouped to Higher than secondary.

RESPMAR: Respondent's marital status

Question text: What is your current marital status?

Note: Options 'Divorced' and 'Separated' were grouped.

BUSINABK: Approval of doing business with Abkhazians

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with an Abkhazian?

BUSINARM: Approval of doing business with Armenians

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with an Armenian?

BUSINARG: Approval of doing business with Azerbaijanis

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with an Azerbaijani?

BUSINAZG: Approval of doing business with Azerbaijanis living in Georgia

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with an Azerbaijani living in Georgia?

BUSINGEO: Approval of doing business with Georgians

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with a Georgian?

BUSINGRE: Approval of doing business with Greeks

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Greeks?

BUSINJEW: Approval of doing business with Jews

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with a Jew?

BUSINKUR: Approval of doing business with Kurds, Yezidis

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with a Kurd, Yezidi?

Note: Before 2011 the questions asked only about Kurds.

BUSINOSS: Approval of doing business with Ossetians

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with an Ossetian?

BUSINRUS: Approval of doing business with Russians

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with a Russian?

BUSINTUR: Approval of doing business with Turks

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with a Turk?

BUSINUSA: Approval of doing business with Americans

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with an American?

BUSINIRA: Approval of doing business with Iranians

Question text: Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities. Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with an Iranian?

BUSINARA: Approval of doing business with Arab

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Arab?

BUSINITA: Approval of doing business with Italians

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying an Italian?

BUSININD: Approval of doing business with Indian

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people of your ethnicity doing business with Indian?

BUSINGA: Approval of doing business with a sexual minority person

Question text: Can you please tell me whether you approve or disapprove of people like you doing business with a sexual minority person?

Note: Before 2024 instead of sexual minority person the question was asked about homosexuals

MARWABK: Approval of women marrying Abkhazians

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying an Abkhazian?

MARWARM: Approval of women marrying Armenians

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying an Armenian?

MARWARG: Approval of women marrying Armenians living in Georgia

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying an Armenian living in Georgia?

MARWAZE: Approval of women marrying Azerbaijanis

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying an Azerbaijani?

MARWAZG: Approval of women marrying Azerbaijanis living in Georgia

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying an Azerbaijani living in Georgia?

MARWGEO: Approval of women marrying Georgians

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying a Georgian?

MARWGRE: Approval of women marrying Greeks

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying a Greek?

MARWJEW: Approval of women marrying Jews

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying a Jew?

MARWKUR: Approval of women marrying Kurds, Yezidis

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying a Kurd, Yezidi?

Note: Before 2011 the questions asked only about Kurds.

MARWOSS: Approval of women marrying Ossetians

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying an Ossetian?

MARWRUS: Approval of women marrying Russians

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying a Russian?

MARWTUR: Approval of women marrying Turks

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying a Turk?

MARWUSA: Approval of women marrying Americans

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying an American?

MARWIRA: Approval of women marrying Iranians

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying an Iranian?

MARWIND: Approval of women marrying Indian

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Indian?

MARWARA: Approval of women marrying Arab

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying Arab?

MARWITA: Approval of women marrying Italians

Question text: Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying an Italian?

NEIGHBOR: Which of these people would you not wish to have your neighbors most?

Question text: Which of these people would you not wish to have your neighbors most?

Note: Sequence of the answer options was rotated in the Show cards during the fieldwork. Answer options 'Asians who come to live in Georgia and want to stay', 'Europeans who come to live in Georgia and want to stay', 'Black people', and 'People having political views that are different to yours', were grouped to 'Other'.

INFSOU1: First main source of information for receiving news about Georgia's current events?

Question text: What are your main sources of information for receiving news about Georgia's current events? Please tell me, which is your first main source of information.

Note: Answer options 'Radio' and 'Newspapers, news magazines' were grouped to 'Other'.

INFSOU2: Second main source of information for receiving news about Georgia's current events?

Question text: What is your second main source of information about Georgia's current events?

ACTCHAR: Activities during last 6 months: Made a contribution to a charity

Question text: I will read out a list of activities. Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Made a contribution to a charity, including donations by sms and giving money to beggars.

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

ACTPBLM: Activities during last 6 months: Attended a public meeting

Question text: I will read out a list of activities. Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Attended a public . By public meeting, we mean a gathering of the members of a given community in order to discuss the issues that are of importance for the community members

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

ACTREST: Activities during last 6 months: Went to a restaurant

Question text: I will read out a list of activities. Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Went to a restaurant. This includes Pizzeria, Steakhouse, 'Sakhinkle', etc.]

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

ACTTHEA: Activities during last 6 months: Went to a theatre/cinema

Question text: I will read out a list of activities. Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Went to a theatre/cinema

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

ACTVLNT: Activities during last 6 months: Volunteered without compensation

Question text: I will read out a list of activities. Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Did volunteer work without expecting compensation

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

ACTCHORE: Activities during last 6 months: Helped a neighbor/friend with household chores

Question text: Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Helped a neighbor or a friend with some household chores or childcare.

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

ACTCLEAN: Activities during last 6 months: Cleaned/helped to clean public space

Question text: Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Cleaned or helped cleaning public space.

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

ACTDNCH: Activities during last 6 months: Donated money to a church / mosque

Question text: Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Donated money to a church / mosque.

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

ACTINTNT: Activities during last 6 months: Made a comment in the Internet to a publication

Question text: Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Made a comment online in respect to online media publication / video.

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

ACTMEDIA: Activities during last 6 months: Written a letter / called a newspaper, TV or radio

Question text: Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Written a letter / made a phone call to a newspaper, TV or radio program.

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

ACTRESDT: Activities during last 6 months: Helped someone to resolve a dispute

Question text: Could you please tell me which of these activities have you been involved in during the past 6 months? - Helped someone to resolve a dispute.

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

FEELCLS: There are enough people I feel close to

Question text: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether it describes your feelings, more or less describes your feelings, or does not describe your feelings - There are enough people to whom I feel close

FEELEMP: I experience a general sense of emptyness

Question text: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether it describes your feelings, more or less describes your feelings, or does not describe your feelings - I experience a general feeling of emptiness

FEELREJ: I often feel rejected

Question text: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether it describes your feelings, more or less describes your feelings, or does not describe your feelings - I often feel rejected

FEELRLY: There are plenty of people I can rely on

Question text: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether it describes your feelings, more or less describes your feelings, or does not describe your feelings - There are plenty of people I can rely on when I have problems

FEELTRU: There are many people I can trust completely

Question text: For each of the following statements, please tell me whether it describes your feelings, more or less describes your feelings, or does not describe your feelings - There are many people I can trust completely

JUSABOR: Always justified/never justified: Having an abortion

Question text: Please tell me to what extent, in your opinion,each of the following actions can be justified or not? - Having an abortion

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

JUSDVRS: Always justified/never justified: Getting a divorce

Question text: Please tell me to what extent, in your opinion,each of the following actions can be justified or not? - Getting a divorce

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

JUSSPOUS: Always justified/never justified: Cheating on one's spouse

Question text: Please tell me to what extent, in your opinion,each of the following actions can be justified or not? - Cheating on one's spouse

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

ICITGOV: Important for a good citizen - support the government on every occasion

Question text: Please tell me, in your opinion, how important it is for a good citizen to support the government on every occasion?

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

ICITHELP: Important for a good citizen - support people who are worse off

Question text: Please tell me, in your opinion, how important it is for a good citizen to support people who are worse off than themselves?

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

ICITLAW: Important for a good citizen - always obey laws

Question text: Please tell me, in your opinion, how important it is for a good citizen always obey laws?

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

ICITOPP: Important for a good citizen - be critical towards the government

Question text: Please tell me, in your opinion, how important it is for a good citizen to be critical towards the government?

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

ICITTRAD: Important for a good citizen - follow traditions

Question text: Please tell me, in your opinion, how important it is for a good citizen to follow traditions?

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

ICITVOTE: Important for a good citizen - vote in elections

Question text: Please tell me, in your opinion, how important it is for a good citizen to vote in elections?

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

IMPGCVW: Important for a good citizen - do volunteer work

Question text: Please tell me, in your opinion, how important it is for a good citizen to do volunteer work meeting the needs of the community without expecting any compensation?

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

FAIRTRT: People are treated fairly by the government?

Question text: Under the present government in Georgia, do you completely agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or completely disagree that people like yourself are treated fairly by the government?

Note: The variable was recoded from 4-point scale into 2-point scale.

GOVTROL: Government as parent vs government as employee

Question text: Please tell me which of the following statements you agree with? 1. 'People are like children, the government should take care of them like a parent' 2. 'Government is like an employee, the people should be the bosses who control the government'

Note: The question was recoded. Original options are as follows: 1 Government as parent - Strongly agree, 2 Government as parent - Agree , 3 Government as employee - Agree, 4 Government as employee - Strongly agree, 5 Agreement with neither, and 6 Agree with both (only from 2024). Options 1 and 2 were grouped to Parent, 3 and 4 to Employee, 5 and 6 - DK.

OBJCOUR: Are courts in Georgia partial or impartial?

Question text: Please tell me which of the following statements you agree with? 1. 'The courts in Georgia favor some citizens over others' 2. 'The courts in Georgia treat all citizens equally, rather than favoring some over others'

Note: The question was recoded. Original options are as follows: 1. Court favours some citizens - Strongly agree 2. Court favours some citizens - Agree 3. Court treats everyone equally - Agree 4. Court treats everyone equally - Strongly agree 5. Agreement with neither. 6. Agree with both (only from 2024). Options 1 and 2 were grouped to Partial 3 and 4 to Impartial, 5 and 6- DK.

PROTEST: Should people participate in protest actions?

Question text: Please tell me which of the following statements you agree with? 1. 'People should participate in protest actions against the government, as this shows the government that the people are in charge.' 2. 'People should not participate in protest actions against the government, as it threatens stability in our country'

Note: The question was recoded. Original options are as follows: 1. Participation in protests - Strongly agree 2. Participation in protests - Agree 3. Non-participation in protests - Agree 4. Non-participation in protests - Strongly agree 5. Agreement with neither. 6. Agree with both (only from 2024). Options 1 and 2 were grouped to Yes 3 and 4 to No, 5 and 6 - DK.

OWNRSHP: Private ownership of business VS Government ownership of business

Question text: And how would you place your views on this scale? Statement 1: 'Private ownership of business should be increased' and Statement 2: 'Government ownership of business should be increased'

IDEALNCH: What is the ideal number of children per family?

Question text: What do you think is the ideal number of children per family in Georgia?

Note: Option 'Whatever number the God will give us' was added in 2013.
The question was changed from open-ended.

FATEINLF: Perception of life

Question text: Please tell me which comes closest to your view on this CARD, where 1 means 'Everything in life is determined by fate' and '10' means 'People shape their fate themselves'.

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale. Options 1-4 were grouped to 1, 5,6 to 2, 7-10 to 3.

LIFESAT: Overall life satisfaction

Question text: All things considered, how satisfied are you with your own life as a whole nowadays? Please use this CARD, where 1 means 'Not satisfied at all' and '10' means 'Completely satisfied.'

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale. Options 1-4 were grouped to 1, 5,6 to 2, 7-10 to 3.

RATEHAP: How happy would you say you are?

Question text: Overall, how happy would you say you are? Please use this CARD, where code 1 means 'Very unhappy' and code '10' means 'Very happy' please choose any number between 1 and 10, which best reflects your situation.

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale. Options 1-4 were grouped to 1, 5,6 to 2, 7-10 to 3.

EXPREPN: Expectation: Close people will help repair apartment/house

Question text: Using this CARD, where 1 means 'Not at all likely' and '10' means 'Very likely', please tell me, how likely or how unlikely is it for you to receive some help from your close relatives, friends, and neighbors in the following matters: Repair your house / apartment

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale. Options 1-4 were grouped to 1, 5,6 to 2, 7-10 to 3.

EXPILL: Expectation: Close people take care when ill

Question text: Using this CARD, where 1 means 'Not at all likely' and '10' means 'Very likely', please tell me, how likely or how unlikely is it for you to receive some help from your close relatives, friends, and neighbors in the following matters: Take care of you if you are ill

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale. Options 1-4 were grouped to 1, 5,6 to 2, 7-10 to 3.

EXPMON: Expectation: Close people lend money for a month for usual expenses

Question text: Using this CARD, where 1 means 'Not at all likely' and '10' means 'Very likely', please tell me, how likely or how unlikely is it for you to receive some help from your close relatives, friends, and neighbors in the following matters: Lend money for a month to cover your usual expenses

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale. Options 1-4 were grouped to 1, 5,6 to 2, 7-10 to 3.

FREESPK: People have the right to openly say what they think?

Question text: In Georgia today, do you think or not that people like yourself have the right to openly say what they think?

GALLTRU: Most people can be trusted?

Question text: Generally speaking, would you say that most people in Georgia can be trusted, or that you can't be too careful in dealing with people? Please use this CARD, where code '1' corresponds to answer 'You can't be too careful' and code '10' corresponds to answer 'Most people can be trusted.'

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale. Options 1-4 were grouped to 1, 5,6 to 2, 7-10 to 3.

TRUARMY: Trust towards Army

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Army

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUBANK: Trust towards Banks

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Banks

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUCRTS: Trust towards Courts

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Court system

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUEDUC: Trust towards Educational system

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Educational system

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUEXEC: Trust towards Executive government

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Executive government (Prime minister and ministers)

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUHLTH: Trust towards Healthcare system

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Healthcare system

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRULOCG: Trust towards Local government

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Local government

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUMEDI: Trust towards Media

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Media

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUNGOS: Trust towards NGOs

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - NGOs

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUOMB: Trust towards Ombudsman

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Ombudsman

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUPARL: Trust towards Parliament

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Parliament

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUPOLI: Trust towards Police

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Police

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUPRES: Trust towards President

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - President

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRURELI: Trust towards Religious institutions

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Religious institutions to which respondent belongs

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUPPS: Trust towards political parties

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - Political parties

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUSTEU: Trust towards EU

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - European Union

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TRUSTUN: Trust towards UN

Question text: I will read out a list of social institutions and political unions. Please assess your level of trust toward each of them on a 5-point scale, where code 1 means 'Fully distrust', and code 5 means 'Fully trust'. First, please tell me how much do you trust or distrust - United Nations

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

DISCPOL: Frequency of discussing politics/current events with close relatives and friends

Question text: When you get together with your close relatives and friends, how often do you discuss politics / current affairs? Please use this CARD, where 1 means 'Never,' and 10 means 'Always.'

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale. Options 1-4 were grouped to 1, 5,6 to 2, 7-10 to 3.

DISCPRPR: Frequency of discussing private problems with close relatives and friends

Question text: When you get together with your close relatives and friends, how often do you discuss each other's private problems? Please use this CARD, where code '1' corresponds to answer 'Never' and code '10' corresponds to answer 'Always.' Please choose any number between 1 and 10, which best reflects your situation.

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale. Options 1-4 were grouped to 1, 5,6 to 2, 7-10 to 3.

CNTRDEM: How much of a democracy is Georgia today?

Question text: In your opinion, how much of a democracy is Georgia today? Is it ...

ELCOND: Fairness of the most recent elections

Question text: Would you say that the last national elections were conducted completely fairly, to some extent fairly, or not at all fairly?

QUALINF: How well TV journalists inform the population about what is going on?

Question text: Please tell me, overall, how well do you think TV journalists in Georgia inform the population about what is actually going on in the country?

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

TVSRVPP: TV journalists serve interests of people like you?

Question text: How strongly do you agree or disagree with the opinion that, overall, TV journalists in Georgia are serving interests of people like you?

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

VOTLELE: Did you vote in the last national elections?

Question text: Did you vote in the last national elections?

Note: The variable was recoded. Answer option 'I was not eligible to participate/I was not yet' was grouped with 'No' for 2024 data.

VOTPRCP: Would you participate if national elections were next Sunday?

Question text: If national elections were held next Sunday, would you participate in the elections or not?

Note: The variable was recoded from 4-point scale into 2-point scale.

EUSUPP: Support of Georgia's membership in EU

Question text: Using a scale of 1 to 5, where code 1 means no support and code 5 means your full support, to what extent would you support Georgia's membership in the European Union?

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

EUNSUPW: What is the main reason you would not support Georgia's membership in the European Union?

Question text: What is the main reason you would not support Georgia's membership in the European Union?

Note: This question was asked for those, who sad that 'Don't support at all' or 'Rather not support' Georgia's membership in EU
The variable was recoded. Answer options: 'Georgia would be less protected from foreign threats' and 'People’s everyday life in Georgia will become more dangerous, less safe' were grouped to 'Other'.

EUSUPWHY: What is the main reason you would support Georgia's membership in the European Union?

Question text: What is the main reason you would support Georgia's membership in the European Union?

Note: This question was asked for those, who sad that 'Rather support' or 'Fully support' Georgia's membership in EU

NATOSUPP: Support of Georgia's membership in NATO

Question text: Using a scale of 1 to 5, where code 1 means no support and code 5 means your full support, to what extent would you support Georgia's membership in NATO?

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

NATNSUPW: What is the main reason you would not support Georgia's membership in NATO?

Question text: What is the main reason you would not support Georgia's membership in NATO?

Note: This question was asked for those, who sad that 'Don't support at all' or 'Rather not support' Georgia's membership in NATO

NATOSUPW: What is the main reason you would support Georgia's membership in NATO?

Question text: What is the main reason you would support Georgia's membership in NATO?

Note: This question was asked for those, who sad that 'Rather support' or 'Fully support' Georgia's membership in NATO

EEUSUPNA: To what extent would you support Georgia's membership in the Eurasian Economic Union led by the Russian Federation?

Question text: Using a scale of 1 to 5, where code 1 means no support and code 5 means your full support, to what extent would you support Georgia's membership in the Eurasian Economic Union led by the Russian Federation?

Note: The variable is rocded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale. Before 2017 there was not specified that the union was led by Russia.

IMPISS1: Most important issue facing Georgia

Question text: What do you think is the most important issue facing Georgia at the moment?

Note: The variable was recoded, options with low frequency were merged into 'Other'.

IMPISS2: Second most important issue facing Georgia

Question text: And tell me the second most important issue facing Georgia at the moment

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.
The variable was recoded, options with low frequency were merged into 'Other'.

INTLPOL: Interest in international politics

Question text: How interested would you say you are in international politics – are you ...

Note: The variable was recoded from 4-point scale into 2-point scale.

NATLPOL: Interest in Georgia's politics

Question text: How interested would you say you are in Georgia's politics – are you ...

Note: The variable was recoded from 4-point scale into 2-point scale.

ATTDEM: Attitude towards democracy

Question text: Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion?

USSRDISS: Was the dissolution of the Soviet Union a good thing or a bad thing for Georgia?

Question text: In your opinion, was the dissolution of the Soviet Union a good thing or a bad thing for Georgia?

CNTPROS: Situation in Georgia will never improve vs everything will be fine in Georgia

Question text: Situation in Georgia will never improve vs everything will be fine in Georgia

Note: The question was recoded. Original options are as follows: 1. Situation in Georgia will never improve - Strongly agree 2. Situation in Georgia will never improve - Agree 3. Eventually, everything will be fine in Georgia - Agree 4. Eventually, everything will be fine in Georgia - Strongly agree 5. Agree with neither, 6 Agree with both (from 2024). Options 1 and 2 were grouped to Situation in Georgia will never improve, 3 and 4 to Eventually, everything will be fine in Georgia, 5 and 6 to DK/RA.

PARTYSUPP: Which political party is closest to you?

Question text: There are a number of political parties in Georgia. Which political party is closest to you?

Note: The question was recoded. Opposition parties were grouped together.

POLDIRN: Direction of national politics in Georgia

Question text: There are different opinions regarding the direction in which Georgia's domestic politics are going. Which of the following would you personally agree with?

Note: The variable was changed into three-point scale: options 'Politics is definitely going in the wrong direction' and 'Politics is going mainly in the wrong direction' were grouped to 'Wrong direction', options 'Politics is definitely going in the right direction' and 'Politics is going mainly in the right direction' to 'Right direction'.

MAINFRN: Main friend of the country

Question text: In your opinion, which country is currently main friend of Georgia?

Note: The question was changed from open-ended. Options with low frequency were grouped to 'Other'

MAINENEM: Main enemy of the country

Question text: In your opinion, which country is currently main enemy of Georgia?

Note: The question was changed from open-ended. Options with low frequency were grouped to 'Other'

ECONSTN: HH economic situation

Question text: Which of the following statements best describes the current economic situation of your household?

CHLDFIN: Perceived financial situation of children

Question text: Do you think your children will be better off or worse off financially than you are when they are your age?

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

HAVEJOB: Do you have a job?

Question text: Do you have a job? This job may be part-time or full-time, or you may be officially employed, informally employed, or self-employed, but it brings you monetary income

Note: Starting from 2011, the variable is generated from EMPLSIT, which records multiple options of employment/unemployment.

WORKSEC: Primary employment sector

Question text: Which of the following best describes the sector in which you work?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were employed.
Options with low frequency were grouped to 'Other'.

WORKTYP: Status and type of primary workplace

Question text: Speaking about your primary place of employment only, which of the following best describes your status and the type of workplace?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were employed.
Options with low frequency were grouped to 'Other'.

WORKYRS: Duration of employment

Question text: From which year have you been working at this workplace?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were employed.
The question was changed from open-ended.

JOBSATF: How satisfied are you with your job?

Question text: Please tell me, overall, how satisfied are you with your job?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were employed.
The variable was recoded from 4-point scale into 2-point scale.

WORKVAL: I feel valued at work

Question text: Please tell me, to what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement: I feel valued at work

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were employed.
The variable was recoded from 4-point scale into 2-point scale.

FAIRCOM: I am fairly compensated

Question text: Please tell me, to what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement: I am fairly compensated.

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were employed.
The variable was recoded from 4-point scale into 2-point scale.

JBNEEDED: I am doing something that many people need

Question text: Please tell me, to what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement - I am doing something that many people need

Note: The question was asked to the employed respondents.
The variable was recoded from 4-point scale into 2-point scale.

WORKRLT: Done unpaid or paid work for your family's or close relatives' business?

Question text: Have you done any unpaid or paid work for your family's or close relative's business for at least one hour within the past week?

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

NEWHHJOB: Anyone in the HH started a new job in the last 12 months?

Question text: Has anybody in your household started a new job during the last 12 months?

UNEMTYP: Type of unemployment

Question text: Which of the following best describes your situation?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were unemployed.
The question was recoded: Unemployed and interested in a job, but NOT currently looking for a job, Unemployed and not interested in looking for a job were grouped to Unemployed and not looking for a job. Retired and looking for a job, Retired and interested in a job, but NOT currently looking for one, Retired and NOT interested in looking for a job were grouped to Retired. Student and Disabled were grouped to Other.

UNEMYRS: Duration of unemployment

Question text: From which year have you not had a job?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were unemployed.
The question was changed from open-ended.

LOOKJOB: Looking for a job during the past 4 weeks

Question text: Have you been looking for a job during the past four weeks, or not?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were unemployed.

INTSTJOB: Interested in a job

Question text: Are you currently interested in a job, or not?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were unemployed.

JOBSTART: Able to start working within the next 14 days

Question text: If a suitable job were available, would you be able to start working within the next 14 days?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who were unemployed

NOMONFD: Not enough money to buy food for past 12 months

Question text: Speaking about the past 12 months, how often did it happen that you did not have enough money to buy the food you or your family needed? Please tell me which of the options on this CARD reflect your situation best?

Note: The answer options were changed into yes/no: 'Every day' 'Every week', 'Every month', 'Every other month', 'Less often' were grouped to 'Yes', Option 'Never' was changed into 'No'.

OWEMON: Does anybody owe you money?

Question text: Does anybody currently owe you any money?

DEBTPERS: Do you have any personal debts?

Question text: Do you currently have any personal debts?

DEBTSHH: Does HH have any debts?

Question text: Does your household currently have any debts?

HEATCCS: Heating with climate control system?

Question text: Please tell me what were the most important means of heating your dwelling last winter? - Climate control system

HEATCKS: Heating with coal / kerosene stove?

Question text: Please tell me what were the most important means of heating your dwelling last winter? - Coal / kerosene stove

HEATELH: Heating with electric heater?

Question text: Please tell me what were the most important means of heating your dwelling last winter? - Electric heater

HEATGH: Heating with gas heater?

Question text: Please tell me what were the most important means of heating your dwelling last winter? - Gas heater

HEATGS: Heating with gas stove?

Question text: Please tell me what were the most important means of heating your dwelling last winter? - Gas stove

HEATPRCH: Heating with private central heating system

Question text: Please tell me what were the most important means of heating your dwelling last winter? -Private central heating system

HEATPUCH: Heating with public central heating system

Question text: Please tell me what were the most important means of heating your dwelling last winter? - Public central heating system

HEATWBS: Heating with wood burning stove

Question text: Please tell me what were the most important means of heating your dwelling last winter? - Wood-burning stove

HEATOTH: Heating with other means of heating?

Question text: Please tell me what were the most important means of heating your dwelling last winter? - Other

FOODDBT: Borrowing money for food

Question text: In the past 6 months, how often has your household borrowed any money to buy food? Have you borrowed money ...

Note: The answer options were changed into yes/no: 'Each week', 'Each month', 'Every other month', 'Less frequently' were grouped to 'Yes', Option 'Never' was changed into 'No'.

GETJOBF: The most important factor for getting a good job

Question text: Which of the following factors do you consider most important for getting a good job in Georgia?

Note: Options 'Age', 'Talent', 'Appearance' were grouped to 'Other'.

JOBLOST: Any HH member lost job during the last 12 months?

Question text: Has anybody in your household lost his/her job during the last 12 months?

LIMBEEF: Does HH limit consumption of beef?

Question text: Households may experience financial difficulties. Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties - Beef

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMBRED: Does HH limit consumption of bread, pasta?

Question text: Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Bread, pasta

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMELEC: Does HH limit consumption of electricity?

Question text: Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Electricity

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMFISH: Does HH limit consumption of fish?

Question text: Households may experience financial difficulties. Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Fish

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMGASS: Does HH limit consumption of gas?

Question text: Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Gas

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMMEAT: Does HH limit consumption of meat?

Question text: Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Meat

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMMILK: Does HH limit consumption of butter, milk?

Question text: Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Butter, milk

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMPORK: Does HH limit consumption of pork?

Question text: Households may experience financial difficulties. Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties - Pork

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMPOTA: Does HH limit consumption of potatoes?

Question text: Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Potatoes

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMPOUL: Does HH limit consumption of poultry/chicken meat?

Question text: Households may experience financial difficulties. Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Poultry / Chicken Meat

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMSWEE: Does HH limit consumption of sweets and chocolates?

Question text: Households may experience financial difficulties. Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Sweets and Chocolates

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMVEGS: Does HH limit consumption of fruit, vegetables?

Question text: Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Fruit, vegetables, EXCEPT potatoes

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LIMTRAN: Does HH limit consumption of transportation?

Question text: Please tell me, over the course of a typical month, does your household have to limit consumption or use of the following due to budget difficulties? - Transportation

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.

LOANNUM: Have taken loan of more than USD 100?

Question text: How many times have you taken out a loan or had a debt or a line of credit, including instant credit, of more than 100 USD in the last 12 months?

Note: The variable was recoded from open-ended question. Initially it recorded the number of loands taken by the respondent.

OWNAIRC: Does HH own air conditioner?

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: air conditioner

OWNCARS: Does HH own Car?

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: car

OWNCELL: Does HH own Cell phone?

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: cell phone

OWNPCELL: Do you personally own a cell phone?

Question text: Do you personally own a cell phone, which is not of any other household members?

CELLINTH: Does any of your household members have Internet access from his/her cell phone?

Question text: Does any of your household members have Internet access from his/her cell phone?

Note: This question was asked to those who said they own a cell phone.

OWNCOMP: Does HH own Personal computer?

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: personal computer, including laptop

OWNCOTV: Does HH own Color TV?

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: color television

OWNDIGC: HH owns - Digital photo camera

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: digital photo camera

OWNDVDP: Does HH own DVD player?

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: DVD player

OWNFRDG: Does HH own Refrigerator?

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: refrigerator

OWNLNDP: HH owns - Landline phone

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: land line phone

OWNWASH: Does HH own Automatic washing machine?

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: automatic washing machine

CELLINT: HH owns - Activated Internet access from cell phone

Question text: Please note that we are only interested in items that your household owns and that are in normal working order. Please tell me whether or not your household owns: activated Internet access from your personal cell phone

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who own cell phones.

WEBHOME: HH has Internet access

Question text: Please tell me whether or not your household has Internet access from home computer

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who own PC.

PAYBRIB: Paid bribe?

Question text: Have you or any member of your household been in a situation during the last 12 months when you/they had to pay a bribe in order to get a service or to obtain preferential treatment or consideration?

PERSINC: Personal income last month

Question text: Speaking about your personal monetary income last month, after all taxes are paid, to which of the following groups do you belong? Please think of all sources of income that you had last month

Note: Options USD 401 - 800, USD 801 - 1200 and More than USD 1200 were grouped to More than USD 400.

SAVINGS: Does HH have any savings?

Question text: Does your household currently have any savings?

SAVPERS: Do you currently have any personal savings?

Question text: Do you currently have any personal savings?

RELCOND: Perceived relative economic condition

Question text: Relative to most of the households around you, would you describe the current economic condition of your household as very good, good, fair, poor or very poor?

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

SPENDMO: HH spending last month

Question text: Please tell me your household's spending last month?

CURRUNG: Current perceived economic rung

Question text: Using this CARD, let's imagine there is a 10-step ladder reflecting the economic standing of all households in Georgia today. The first rung of this ladder corresponds to the lowest economic position in society, while the 10th rung corresponds to the highest position. On which rung of this ladder do you think your household currently stands?

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

FUTRUNG: Perceived econoomic rung in 5 years

Question text: Using this CARD, let's imagine there is a 10-step ladder reflecting the economic standing of all households in Georgia today. The first rung of this ladder corresponds to the lowest economic position in society, while the 10th rung corresponds to the highest position. On which rung of this ladder do you think your household will be standing 5 years from now?

Note: The variable was recoded from 10-point scale into 3-point scale.

NYRRLPR: Expected income in the next year

Question text: Compared to the current year, excluding income from sales of property or vehicles, do you believe your household's income next year will be higher, about the same or lower than this year?

CYRRLPR: Current income relative to the previous year

Question text: Excluding income from sales of property or vehicles, compared to the previous year, was your household's income in this year, higher than in previous year, about the same or lower?

DWELOWN: Ownership status of the dwelling

Question text: Speaking about this dwelling where your household lives, do you own, rent, live free of charge there or the dwelling belongs to the state/company?

Note: The options were recoded into yes/no: 'Own it' was changed to 'Yes', 'Rent it', 'Live free of charge with permission' and 'Dwelling is owned by state/company' to 'No'.

BANKACC: Do you have a bank account?

Question text: Do you currently have a bank account?

UTILDBT: Frequency of borrowing money for utilities

Question text: In the past 6 months, how often has your household borrowed any money to pay for utilities?

Note: The answer options were changed into yes/no: 'Each week', 'Each month', 'Every other month', 'Less frequently' were grouped to 'Yes', Option 'Never' was changed into 'No'.

MININCN: Desired minimal monthly income for normal life (USD)

Question text: What is the minimal monthly income that would enable your household live a 'normal' life?

Note: The variable was recoded from open-ended question. Initially it recorded absolute amount of money named by the respondent.

MONYTOT: HH total monetary income last month

Question text: Speaking about monetary income of all your household members last month, to which of the following groups does your household belong?

Note: Options USD 801 - 1200 and More than USD 1200 were grouped to More than USD 800. Before 2024 the question was asked without 'after all taxes are paid'

ETHNIC: Respondent's ethnicity

Question text: There are a number of ethnic groups living in Georgia. Which ethnic group do you consider yourself a part of?

Note: Options 'Other ethnicity', 'Other Cacucasian ethnicity' and 'Russian' were grouped to 'Other ethnicity'.

CAPTRIP: Traveled to the capital?

Question text: How many times did you travel to Tbilisi within the last 2 months?

Note: The answer options were changed into yes/no. Originally, the variable recorded the number of trips.

FORTRIP: Traveled outside the country?

Question text: How many times have you been outside Georgia in the last five years?

Note: The answer options were changed into yes/no. Originally, the variable recorded the number of trips.

FAMCLAB: Have family member or close relative currently living abroad?

Question text: Do you have a family member or close relative currently living abroad?

CLFRDAB: Close friends living abroad?

Question text: Do you have any close friends currently living abroad, outside the borders of Georgia?

CLRLABR: Having a close relative currently living abroad

Question text: Do you have a close relative currently living abroad, outside the borders of Georgia? By 'living' We mean, the person has spent at least a total of 3 month abroad

MIGSHRT: Would you leave Georgia for a certain period?

Question text: If you had a chance, would you leave Georgia for a certain period of time to live somewhere else?

EMIGRAT: Would you leave Georgia forever?

Question text: If you had a chance, would you leave Georgia forever to live somewhere else?

FLMANDSC: Which foreign language should be mandatory in schools?

Question text: Which foreign language, if any, do you think should be mandatory in secondary schools of Georgia?

Note: Option 'Turkish' was grouped to 'Other'.

FRQINTR: Do you use the Internet?

Question text: Could you please tell me how often do you use the Internet? Do you use the Internet ...?

Note: Answers were recoded into yes/no: options 'Every day', 'At least once a week', 'At least once a month', 'Less often' were grouped to 'Yes', 'Never' and 'I don't know what the Internet is' to 'No'.

NOINTWHY: Main reason for not using Internet

Question text: What is the main reason why you do not use the Internet?

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who do not use the internet.
Options with low frequency were grouped to 'Other'.

INTACFB: Most frequent internet activities - Use Facebook

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Use Facebook

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTACSN: Most frequent internet activities - Use social networking site(s) other than Facebook (e.g. Odnoklassniki, MySpace, Google+, etc.)

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Use social networking site(s) other than Facebook (e.g. Odnoklassniki, MySpace, Google+, etc.)

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTACBL: Most frequent Internet activity - Write / read other's blogs

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Write a blog / read other's blogs

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTACDW: Most frequent Internet activity - Visit dating websites

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Visit dating websites

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTACEM: Most frequent Internet activity - Receive / send emails

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Receive / send emails

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTACEN: Most frequent Internet activity - Download / Listen / Watch music/videos

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Download / Listen to / Watch music/videos/movies

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTACFD: Most frequent Internet activity - Engage in forum discussions

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Engage in forum discussions

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTACGM: Most frequent Internet activity - Play online games

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Play online games

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTAGAME: Most frequent internet activities - Play online games, except gambling

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Play online games, except gambling

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

INTABET: Most frequent internet activities - Gamble, bet

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Gamble, bet

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet

INTACIN: Most frequent Internet activity - Search for information

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Search for information (Google, Wiki, etc.)

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTACNW: Most frequent Internet activity - Read / listen to / watch the news

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Read / listen to / watch the news apart from social networking sites

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTACSH: Most frequent Internet activity - Shop

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Shop

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTAIMSG: Most frequent internet activities - Use instant messenger (EXCEPT Skype)

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Use instant messenger other than Skype (ICQ, MSN, etc.)

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTASCNA: Most frequent internet activities - Use other social networking sites

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Use social networking sites (e.g. Odnoklassniki, Facebook, My Space, Google+, etc.)

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTASKY: Most frequent internet activities - Use Skype

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Use Skype (for instant messaging and for calls)

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

INTACOT: Most frequent Internet activity - Other

Question text: Which of the following do you do most frequently when you are browsing the Internet? Please name three most frequent activities - Other

Note: The question was asked to the respondents who use the internet.

NATLANG: Main language spoken at home as child

Question text: Which language did you mainly speak at home when you were a child?

Note: Option 'Russian' was grouped to 'Other'.

RELGION: Respondent's religion

Question text: Which religion or denomination, if any, do you consider yourself to belong to?

Note: Options with low frequency were grouped to 'Other'.

RELFAST: Do you fast?

Question text: How often do you fast when it is required by your religious traditions?

Note: Frequencies are calculated without 'Not applicable' option.
The question was asked to the respondents who consider themselves as the members of any religious denomination. The options were recoded into yes/no: 'Always', 'Often', 'Sometimes', 'Rarely' were grouped to 'Yes', 'Never' - to 'No'.

RELIMP: How important is religion in your daily life?

Question text: How important is religion in your daily life?

Note: The variable was recoded from 4-point scale into 2-point scale.

RELSERV: Attendance of religious services

Question text: Apart from special occasions such as weddings and funerals, about how often do you attend religious services nowadays?

Note: Options 'Every day', 'More than once a week', 'Once a week' were grouped to 'Once a week or more frequently'.

RLGIOUS: How religious would you say you are?

Question text: Overall, how religious would you say you are?

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

HLTHRAT: How would you rate your health?

Question text: Overall, how would you rate your health? Would you describe it as ...

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

CIGAVGD: Do you smoke?

Question text: On average, how many cigarettes do you smoke per day?

Note: The question was changed from open-ended and recoded.

KNOWENG: Knowledge of English

Question text: Please tell me which one of these levels best describes your ability in English

Note: Options 'Beginner', 'Intermediate' and 'Advanced' were grouped to 'Some level of knowledge'.

KNOWRUS: Knowledge of Russian

Question text: Please tell me which one of these levels best describes your ability in Russian

Note: Options 'Beginner', 'Intermediate' and 'Advanced' were grouped to 'Some level of knowledge'.

KNOWOTH: Knowledge of other foreign language

Question text: Please tell me which one of these levels best describes your ability in other foreign language (except Russian or English)

Note: Options 'Beginner', 'Intermediate' and 'Advanced' were grouped to 'Some level of knowledge'.

COMPABL: Knowledge of computer

Question text: Please tell me which one of these levels best describes your ability in computer (Microsoft Office programs, excluding games)

Note: Options 'Beginner', 'Intermediate' and 'Advanced' were grouped to 'Some level of knowledge'.

RESPCOM: Respondent's behavior

Question text: Respondent's behavior during the interview

RESPFRN: Respondent was friendly

Question text: Respondent was friendly during the interview

RESPHOS: Respondent was hostile

Question text: Respondent was hostile during the interview

RESPIMP: Respondent was impatient

Question text: Respondent was impatient during the interview

RESPINL: Respondent's intelligence

Question text: On a scale of 1 to 5, how would you rate the respondent's level of intelligence?

Note: The variable was recoded from 5-point scale into 3-point scale.

RESPINT: Respondent was interested, involved

Question text: Respondent was interested, involved during the interview

RESPSIN: Respondent's honesty

Question text: Respondent's honesty

Note: The variable was recoded from 4-point scale into 2-point scale. In 2013 10 point scale was used.

RESPSINC: Respondent's sincerity

Question text: How would you evaluate sincerity of respondent's answers?

Note: The question was recoded from 11-point scale to 3-point scale for data before 2024. Since 2024 5-point scale is recoded into 3-point scale.

RESPWOR: Respondent was worried, nervous

Question text: Respondent was worried, nervous during the interview

FRQCLAR: Did respondent ask clarifications?

Question text: Frequency of asking clarifications during the interview

Note: Options 'Just for a few questions', 'For some questions', 'For a substantial number of questions' and 'Throughout most of the interview' were recoded into 'Yes', option 'Never' into 'No'.

FRQDIST: Was the respondent distracted?

Question text: How often was the respondent distracted during the interview – e.g. had to receive or make a phone call, talk to a household member or a neighbor, etc.?

Note: Options 'Just for a few questions', 'For some questions', 'For a substantial number of questions' and 'Throughout most of the interview' were recoded into 'Yes', Options 'Never' into 'No'.

FRQUNDST: How often did you feel that the respondent did not understand the questions?

Question text: How often did you feel that the respondent did not understand the questions?

FRQSHCD: How often did you feel the respondent was reluctant to use the Show Cards?

Question text: How often did you feel the respondent was reluctant to use the SHOW CARDS (read them carefully him/herself)?

FRQKNOW: Did the respondent seem to lack knowledge?

Question text: Frequency the respondent seemed to lack knowledge during the interview

Note: Options 'Just for a few questions', 'For some questions', 'For a substantial number of questions' and 'Throughout most of the interview' were recoded into 'Yes', Options 'Never' into 'No'.

FRQRLCT: Was the respondent reluctant?

Question text: Frequency of the respondent being reluctant during the interview

Note: Options 'Just for a few questions', 'For some questions', 'For a substantial number of questions' and 'Throughout most of the interview' were recoded into 'Yes', Options 'Never' into 'No'.

LISTENO: Anybody able to listen to the answers?

Question text: Was anybody but you and the respondent him/herself able to listen to the respondent's answers during the interview?

Note: Options 'Yes, during the entire interview', 'Yes, most of the time', 'Yes, for less than half of the interview, except the sections about the household', 'Yes, for only a few questions, except questions from the sections about the household', 'Yes, only while the respondent was answering questions from the sections about the household' were recoded into 'Yes'.

RESPTIR: How tired was respondent at the end of the interview?

Question text: How tired was the respondent in the end of the interview?

Note: The variable was recoded into 3-point scale. During the waves 2011, 2012, 2013 10 point scale was used. 2015, 2017, and 2019 waves used 11 points scale. Since 2024 five-point scale is used.

INTLANG: Interview language

Question text: Interview language

ATTEND: Number of people present during the interview

Question text: If you think about the most of the length of the interview, how many people were present at the interview, including you and the respondent?

Note: The question was changed from open-ended and recoded.

HHASIZE: Number of adult household members

Question text: Number of adult household members

Note: The question was changed from open-ended and recoded.

HHSIZE: Number of HH members

Question text: Number of HH members

Note: The question was changed from open-ended and recoded.

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